7,736 research outputs found
Canonical Structure of Locally Homogeneous Systems on Compact Closed 3-Manifolds of Types , Nil and Sol
In this paper we investigate the canonical structure of diffeomorphism
invariant phase spaces for spatially locally homogeneous spacetimes with
3-dimensional compact closed spaces. After giving a general algorithm to
express the diffeomorphism-invariant phase space and the canonical structure of
a locally homogeneous system in terms of those of a homogeneous system on a
covering space and a moduli space, we completely determine the canonical
structures and the Hamiltonians of locally homogeneous pure gravity systems on
orientable compact closed 3-spaces of the Thurston-type , \Nil and
\Sol for all possible space topologies and invariance groups. We point out
that in many cases the canonical structure becomes degenerate in the moduli
sectors, which implies that the locally homogeneous systems are not canonically
closed in general in the full diffeomorphism-invariant phase space of generic
spacetimes with compact closed spaces.Comment: 62 pages, LaTe
Bosenova collapse of axion cloud around a rotating black hole
Motivated by possible existence of stringy axions with ultralight mass, we
study the behavior of an axion field around a rapidly rotating black hole (BH)
obeying the sine-Gordon equation by numerical simulations. Due to superradiant
instability, the axion field extracts the rotational energy of the BH and the
nonlinear self-interaction becomes important as the field grows larger. We
present clear numerical evidences that the nonlinear effect leads to a collapse
of the axion cloud and a subsequent explosive phenomena, which is analogous to
the "bosenova" observed in experiments of Bose-Einstein condensate. The
criterion for the onset of the bosenova collapse is given. We also discuss the
reason why the bosenova happens by constructing an effective theory of a
wavepacket model under the nonrelativistic approximation.Comment: 38 pages, 18 figure
Evolution of Cosmological Perturbations in the Long Wavelength Limit
The relation between the long wavelength limit of solutions to the
cosmological perturbation equations and the perturbations of solutions to the
exactly homogeneous background equations is investigated for scalar
perturbations on spatially flat cosmological models. It is shown that a
homogeneous perturbation coincides with the long wavelength limit of some
inhomogeneous perturbation only when the former satisfies an additional
condition corresponding to the momentum constraint if the matter consists only
of scalar fields. In contrast, no such constraint appears if the fundamental
variables describing the matter contain a vector field as in the case of a
fluid. Further, as a byproduct of this general analysis, it is shown that there
exist two universal exact solutions to the perturbation equations in the long
wavelength limit, which are expressed only in terms of the background
quantities. They represent adiabatic growing and decaying modes, and correspond
to the well-known exact solutions for perfect fluid systems and scalar field
systems.Comment: 16 pages, no figure, submitted to PR
Comments on the four-dimensional effective theory for warped compactification
We derive four-dimensional effective theories for warped compactification of
the ten-dimensional IIB supergravity and the eleven-dimensional Horava-Witten
model. We show that these effective theories allow a much wider class of
solutions than the original higher-dimensional theories. In particular, the
effective theories have cosmological solutions in which the size of the
internal space decreases with the cosmic expansion in the Einstein frame. This
type of compactifying solutions are not allowed in the original
higher-dimensional theories. This result indicates that the effective
four-dimensional theories should be used with caution, if one regards the
higher-dimensional theories more fundamental.Comment: 21 pages, no figure. Minor errors are correcte
Field-Induced Effects of Anisotropic Magnetic Interactions in SrCu2(BO3)2
We observed a field-induced staggered magnetization in the 2D frustrated
dimer-singlet spin system SrCu2(BO3)2 by 11B NMR, from which the magnitudes of
the intradimer Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and the staggered g-tensor were
determined. These anisotropic interactions cause singlet-triplet mixing and
eliminate a quantum phase transition at the expected critical field Hc for gap
closing. They also provide a quantitative account for some puzzling phenomena
such as the onset of a uniform magnetization below the and the persistence of
the excitation gap above Hc. The gap was accurately determined from the
activation energy of the nuclear relaxation rate.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, published versio
THz Metamaterial Characterization Using THz-TDS
The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with metamaterials and describe terahertz (THz) spectroscopy within metamaterials research. The introduction provides key background information on metamaterials, describes their history and their unique properties. These properties include negative refraction, backwards phase propagation, and the reversed Doppler Effect. The history and theory of metamaterials are discussed, starting with Veselago’s negative index materials work and Pendry’s publications on physical realization of metamaterials. The next sections cover measurement and analyses of THz metamaterials. THz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) will be the key measurement tool used to describe the THz metamaterial measurement process. Sample transmission data from a metamaterial THz-TDS measurement is analyzed to give a better understanding of the different frequency characteristics of metamaterials. The measurement and analysis sections are followed by a section on the fabrication process of metamaterials. After familiarizing the reader with THz metamaterial measurement and fabrication techniques, the final section will provide a review of various methods by which metamaterials are made active and/or tunable. Several novel concepts were demonstrated in recent years to achieve such metamaterials, including photoconductivity, high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and phase change material (PCM)-based metamaterial structures
THz Metamaterial Characterization Using THz-TDS
The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with metamaterials and describe terahertz (THz) spectroscopy within metamaterials research. The introduction provides key background information on metamaterials, describes their history and their unique properties. These properties include negative refraction, backwards phase propagation, and the reversed Doppler Effect. The history and theory of metamaterials are discussed, starting with Veselago’s negative index materials work and Pendry’s publications on physical realization of metamaterials. The next sections cover measurement and analyses of THz metamaterials. THz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) will be the key measurement tool used to describe the THz metamaterial measurement process. Sample transmission data from a metamaterial THz-TDS measurement is analyzed to give a better understanding of the different frequency characteristics of metamaterials. The measurement and analysis sections are followed by a section on the fabrication process of metamaterials. After familiarizing the reader with THz metamaterial measurement and fabrication techniques, the final section will provide a review of various methods by which metamaterials are made active and/or tunable. Several novel concepts were demonstrated in recent years to achieve such metamaterials, including photoconductivity, high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and phase change material (PCM)-based metamaterial structures
Effect of pyridoxine treatment of a homocystinuric patient on the urinary excretion of some sulfur-containing amino acids
The effect of pyridoxine treatment of a homocystinuric
patient on the urinary excretion of some sulfur-containing amino acids was studied and the following results were obtained. As a result of pyridoxine treatment, urinary homocystine decreased to a fairly great extent, and its unusual metabolites S.(3-hydroxy-3-carboxyn- propylthio) homocysteine (HCPTHC) and S-C8-carboxyethylthio homocysteine (j3-CETHC) increased to some extent. But its oxidation product (homocysteic acid) showed a tendency to decrease slightly. Urinary methionine and cystine increased to some extent, but cysteinehomocysteine mixed disulfide showed no remarkable change.</p
Scalar perturbations of higher dimensional rotating and ultra-spinning black holes
We investigate the stability of higher dimensional rotating black holes
against scalar perturbations. In particular, we make a thorough numerical and
analytical analysis of six-dimensional black holes, not only in the low
rotation regime but in the high rotation regime as well. Our results suggest
that higher dimensional Kerr black holes are stable against scalar
perturbations, even in the ultra-spinning regime.Comment: 7 pages, ReVTeX
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